1. Right Answer: C
Explanation: A RAID system, at any level, will not protect against a natural disaster. The problem will not be alleviated without offsite backups, more frequent onsite backups or even setting up a cold site. Choices A, B and D do not compensate for the lack of offsite backup.

2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: A recovery point objective (RPO) indicates the latest point in time at which it is acceptable to recover the data. If the RPO is low, data mirroring should be implemented as the data recovery strategy. The recovery time objective (RTO) is an indicator of the disaster tolerance. The lower the RTO, the lower the disaster tolerance. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer.

3. Right Answer: A
Explanation: NDMP defines three kinds of services: a data service that interfaces with the primary storage to be backed up or restored, a tape service that interfaces with the secondary storage (primarily a tape device), and a translator service performing translations including multiplexing multiple data streams into one data stream and vice versa. NDMP services interact with each other. The result of this interaction is the establishment of an NDMP control session if the session is being used to achieve control for the backup or restore operation. It would result in an NDMP data session if the session is being used to transfer actual file system or volume data (including metadata). Control sessions are always TCP/IP-based, but data streams can be TCP/lP-or SAN-based. NDMP is more or less NAS-centric and defines a way to back up and restore data from a device, such as a NAS appliance, on which it is difficult to install a backup software agent, in the absence ofNDMP, this data must be backed up as a shared drive on the LAN, which is accessed via network file protocols, such as Common Internet File System (CIFS) orNetwork File System (NFS), degrading backup performance. NDMP works on a block level for transferring payload data (file content) but metadata and traditional file system information needs to be handled by legacy backup systems that initiate NDMP data movement. NDMP does not know about nor takes care of consistency issues regarding related volumes (e.g., a volume to store database files, a volume to store application server data and a volume to store web server data). NDMP can be used to do backups in such an environment (e.g., SAP) but the logic required either must be put into a dedicated piece of software or must be scripted into the legacy backup software.

4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Disk-to-disk (D2D) backup should not be seen as a direct replacement for backup to tape; rather, it should be viewed as part of a multitier backup architecture that takes advantage of the best features of both tape and disk technologies. Backups to disks are not dramatically faster than backups to tapes in a balanced environment. Most often than not there is hardly a difference, since the limiting components are not tape or disk drives but the overall sustained bandwidth of the backup server's backplane. The advantage in terms of speed is in restoring performance, since all data are on hand and can be accessed randomly, resulting in a dramatic enhancement in throughput. This makes fast synthetic backups (making a full back up without touching the host's data only by using the existing incremental backups) efficient and easy. Although the cost of disks has been reduced, tape-based backup can offer an overall cost advantage over disk-only solutions. Even if RAID arrays are used for D2Dstorage, a failed drive must be swapped out and the RAID set rebuilt before another disk drive fails, thus making this kind of backup more risky and not suitable as a solution of last resort. In contrast, a single tape drive failure does not produce any data loss since the data resides on the tape media. In a multidrive library, the loss of the use of a single tape drive has no impact on the overall level of data protection. Conversely, the loss of a disk drive in an array can put all data at risk. This in itself reinforces the benefits of a disk-to-disk-to-any storage hierarchy, as data could be protected by a tertiary stage of disk storage and ultimately tape. Beyond the drive failure issue, tape has an inherent reliability advantage over any disk drive as it has no boot sector or file allocation table that can be infected or manipulated by a virus.

5. Right Answer: D
Explanation: To comply with regulatory requirements, the media should be reliable enough to ensure an organization's ability to recovery the data should they be required for any reason. Media price is a consideration, but should not be more important than the ability to provide the required reliability. Choices A and C are less critical than reliability.